Isingeniso:
Amabhethri e-lithiumsesiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, sinikeza amandla yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphones nama-laptops kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo. Umlando wamabhethri e-lithium wuhambo oluhehayo oluthatha amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, olumakwa ngentuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha. Kusukela ekuqaleni okuthobekile kuya endaweni yawo yamanje njengezixazululo ezihamba phambili zokugcina amandla, amabhethri e-lithium aguqule indlela esisebenzisa ngayo nokugcina ugesi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamabhethri e-lithium
Indaba yeamabhethri e-lithiumihlehlela emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1970, lapho abacwaningi beqala ukuhlola amandla e-lithium njengesithako esiyinhloko kumabhethri aphinde ashajwe. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ososayensi bathola khona izici eziyingqayizivele ze-lithium, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana kwayo okuphezulu kanye nemvelo engasindi, okuyenza ilungele izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo. Lokhu kutholwa kwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, azoqhubeka nokubusa imakethe ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Ngo-1979, usokhemisi wase-Oxford University uJohn Goodenough nethimba lakhe benza inqubekelaphambili futhi bakha ibhethri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion ekwazi ukushajwa kabusha. Lo msebenzi oyingqalabutho wabeka isisekelo sokudayiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, athola ukuduma ngokushesha ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu nempilo ende yesevisi uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid kanye ne-nickel-cadmium.
Kuwo wonke ama-1980s nawo-1990s, ucwaningo oluningi kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium. Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ukuthola i-electrolyte ezinzile engamelana nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu e-lithium ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwe-electrolyte kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri ezithuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Ukuphumelela kwamabhethri e-lithium
Kuwo wonke ama-1980s nawo-1990s, ucwaningo oluningi kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium. Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ukuthola i-electrolyte ezinzile engamelana nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu e-lithium ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwe-electrolyte kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri ezithuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwaphawula inguquko yamabhethri e-lithium, ngokuthuthuka kwe-nanotechnology kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) namabhethri e-lithium polymer. Lawa makhemistri amabhethri amasha anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, amandla okushaja ngokushesha nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, ngokuqhubekayo andisa ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium emikhakheni yezimoto, ye-aerospace kanye namandla avuselelekayo.
Ikusasa lamabhethri e-lithium
Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs) kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zokugcina amandla kuqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuphezulu.amabhethri e-lithium. Eminyakeni yamuva, intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bebhethri njengama-electrolyte aqinile nama-silicon anode kuye kwathuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla nempilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-lithium, okuwenza abe inketho esebenzayo yokugcina amandla amakhulu kanye nokuzinza kwegridi.
Umlando wamabhethri e-lithium ubonisa ukuphishekela okuqhubekayo kokuqamba izinto ezintsha namandla okuguqula ubuchwepheshe. Namuhla, amabhethri e-lithium ayisisekelo senguquko yamandla ahlanzekile, avumela ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Njengoba umhlaba ufuna ukunciphisa ukuncika kwawo emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi ulwe nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, amabhethri e-lithium azodlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elisimeme nelingenayo ikhabhoni ephansi.
Isiphetho
Ukufingqa, umlando wokuthuthuka weamabhethri e-lithiumiwuhambo olungajwayelekile lokutholwa kwesayensi, ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye noguquko lwezimboni. Kusukela ezinsukwini zabo zakuqala njengelukuluku laselabhorethri kuya esimweni sabo samanje njengezisombululo zokugcina amandla ezitholakala yonke indawo, amabhethri e-lithium asehambe indlela ende ekunikezeni amandla umhlaba wesimanje. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuvula amandla aphelele amabhethri e-lithium, sizongenisa inkathi entsha yokugcinwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, okuthembekile nokusimeme okuzololonga ikusasa leplanethi yethu.
Uma unemibuzo noma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe, sicela ungangabazifinyelela kithi.
Isicelo Sekhotheshini:
U-Jacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-bms.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
U-Nancy:nancy@heltec-bms.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2024