Isingeniso:
Amabhethri e-lithiumsezibe yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yethu yansuku zonke, zinika amandla yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphone nama-laptop kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo. Umlando wamabhethri e-lithium uhambo oluthakazelisayo oluthatha amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, oluphawulwa yintuthuko ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Kusukela ekuqaleni okuthobekile kuya esikhundleni sawo samanje njengezixazululo zokugcina amandla ezihamba phambili, amabhethri e-lithium ashintshe indlela esisebenzisa futhi sigcina ngayo ugesi.
Ukudalwa kwamabhethri e-lithium
Indaba kaamabhethri e-lithiumkusukela ngawo-1970, lapho abacwaningi baqala ukuhlola amandla e-lithium njengesithako esibalulekile kumabhethri aphinde ashajwe. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ososayensi bathola khona izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-lithium, okuhlanganisa amandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokukhanya kwayo, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu kumadivayisi kagesi aphathwayo. Lokhu kutholwa kwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, azoqhubeka nokubusa imakethe ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi iminyaka ezayo.
Ngo-1979, isazi semithi sase-Oxford University uJohn Goodenough kanye nethimba lakhe benza intuthuko futhi bathuthukisa ibhethri lokuqala eliphinde lishajwe le-lithium-ion. Lo msebenzi wokuqala wabeka isisekelo sokuthengiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, athola ukuthandwa ngokushesha ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid kanye ne-nickel-cadmium.
Kuwo wonke ama-1980 nawo-1990, imizamo eminingi yocwaningo nentuthuko igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium. Enye yezinselele ezibalulekile ukuthola i-electrolyte ezinzile engamelana nobuningi bamandla aphezulu e-lithium ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha. Lokhu kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-electrolyte nezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezithuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium
Kuwo wonke ama-1980 nawo-1990, imizamo eminingi yocwaningo nentuthuko igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium. Enye yezinselele ezibalulekile ukuthola i-electrolyte ezinzile engamelana nobuningi bamandla aphezulu e-lithium ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha. Lokhu kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-electrolyte nezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezithuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Iminyaka yokuqala yama-2000 yaphawula ukuguquka kwamabhethri e-lithium, ngentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-nano kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha eyakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) kanye ne-lithium polymer. Lawa ma-chemistries amasha ebhethri anikeza amandla amaningi, amakhono okushaja okusheshayo kanye nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium emikhakheni yezimoto, yezindiza kanye neyamandla avuselelekayo.
Ikusasa lamabhethri e-lithium
Ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zokugcina amandla kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza okuphezulu.amabhethri e-lithiumEminyakeni yamuva nje, intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri njenge-solid electrolytes kanye ne-silicon anodes ithuthukise kakhulu ukuminyana kwamandla kanye nokuphila komjikelezo wamabhethri e-lithium, okwenza abe inketho esebenzayo yokugcina amandla amakhulu kanye nokuqina kwegridi.
Umlando wamabhethri e-lithium ubonisa ukuphishekela okungapheli kokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye namandla okuguqula ubuchwepheshe. Namuhla, amabhethri e-lithium ayitshe lesisekelo soguquko lwamandla ahlanzekile, okwenza kube lula ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Njengoba umhlaba ufuna ukunciphisa ukuncika kwawo emafutheni asetshenziswayo kanye nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, amabhethri e-lithium azodlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elizinzile nelingenawo ugesi omningi.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, umlando wentuthukoamabhethri e-lithiumluhambo olungavamile lokuthola ulwazi lwesayensi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimboni. Kusukela ezinsukwini zabo zokuqala njengezinto ezimangalisayo zelebhu kuya esimweni sabo samanje njengezixazululo zokugcina amandla ezitholakala yonke indawo, amabhethri e-lithium ahambe ibanga elide ekunikezeni amandla emhlabeni wanamuhla. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuvula amandla aphelele amabhethri e-lithium, sizoletha inkathi entsha yokugcina amandla okuhlanzekile, okuthembekile nokuqhubekayo okuzokwakha ikusasa lomhlaba wethu.
Uma unemibuzo noma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe, sicela ungangabazi ukungithumelelaxhumana nathi.
Isicelo Sekhotheshini:
UJacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
I-Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
UNancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-19-2024