Isingeniso:
Iqhutshwa umgomo womhlaba wonke "wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni", imboni yezimoto zamandla entsha idlondlobala ngezinga elimangalisayo. "Njengenhliziyo" yezimoto zamandla amasha,amabhethri e-lithiumbenze umnikelo ongacimekiyo. Ngokuxineka kwayo okuphezulu nempilo yomjikelezo omude, isiphenduke injini enamandla yalokhu kuguquguquka kwezokuthutha okuluhlaza. Njengezinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali, yonke into inezinhlangothi ezimbili. Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium esilethela amandla ahlanzekile nasebenza kahle, aphinde ahambisane nenkinga engenakunakwa - ukulahlwa kwamabhethri e-lithium angcolile.
Inkinga yebhethri ye-lithium kadoti
Ake ucabange ukuthi izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla zihamba emigwaqweni yedolobha. Zithulile futhi aziyigcini imvelo, futhi zisidwebela isithombe esihle sohambo lwesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa lapho lezi zimoto seziwuqedile umsebenzi wazo, kuzokwenzekani "enhliziyweni" yazo - theibhethri ye-lithium? Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ngo-2025, amabhethri kagesi ase-China asethathe umhlalaphansi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-1,100 GWh, okulingana nokuphehlwa kukagesi konyaka kweziteshi ezinhlanu zikagesi ze-Three Gorges. Inani elikhulu kangaka, uma lingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, lizodala ingcindezi enkulu emvelweni nasezinsizeni.
Amabhethri e-lithium kadoti aqukethe insada yemithombo yensimbi eyigugu njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel. Uma sivumela ukuthi zilahleke, kuzofana nokulahla "izimayini zasemadolobheni". Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium adoti aqukethe nezinto eziyingozi njengama-electrolyte nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Uma zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, zingabangela ukungcola okungathi sína enhlabathini, emithonjeni yamanzi, nasemkhathini, futhi zisongele ngisho nempilo yomuntu.
Ukubhekana nezinselele ezilethwa amabhethri e-lithium emfucuza, asikwazi ukuhlala singenzi lutho, futhi ngeke sesabe amabhethri. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele sifune izixazululo ngenkuthalo, siguqule "ingozi" ibe "ithuba", futhi siqale indlela yentuthuko esimeme ngemijikelezo eluhlaza. Ngenhlanhla, inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nobuchwepheshe isikhombisile indlela. Uguquko oluluhlaza oluqhutshwa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe luvela buthule, luletha ithemba elisha "lokuzalwa kabusha" kwamabhethri e-lithium angcolile.
Inguquko eluhlaza yebhethri ye-lithium, eshintsha udoti ube umcebo
Kule nguquko eluhlaza, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemishini iye yavela. Bafana "nezazi ze-alchem" zomlingo ezikhipha kabusha izinsiza ezibalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium alahlwayo, ziziguqule zibe ingcebo futhi zizivuselele.
Masingene "embonini yokuhlakaza" yemfucuzaamabhethri e-lithium. Lapha, ukuchotshozwa kwebhethri ye-lithium nokuhlunga kufana “nodokotela ohlinzayo” onekhono. Bangakwazi ukuqaqa ngokunembile futhi bahlukanise amabhethri e-lithium angcolile, bahlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zebhethri, futhi babeke isisekelo sokugaywa kabusha nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo.
Bese, lezi zinto zebhethri ezihlukanisiwe zizongena "izinkundla zokusebenzela" ezihlukene ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokuhlukile. Izinto ezisebenza kahle ze-electrode eziqukethe izinsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel zizothunyelwa "eshabhu yokukhipha insimbi". Ngokusebenzisa i-hydrometallurgy, i-pyrometallurgy nezinye izinqubo, lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu zizokhishwa ukuze kwenziwe amabhethri e-lithium amasha noma eminye imikhiqizo.
Izingxenye zebhethri eziqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezinjengama-electrolyte nezinsimbi ezisindayo zizothunyelwa "kwi-workshop yokwelashwa kwemvelo" ekhethekile, lapho zizodlula khona uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokwelashwa eziqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto eziyingozi zilahlwa ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ngaphandle kokubangela ukungcola imvelo
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ohlelweni lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyinto ehamba phambili. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, izinkampani eziningi sezamukele ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuvikela imvelo kanye nemishini, njengemishini ehlanganisiwe ye-lithium battery dissociation ehlakaniphile yokugaywa kabusha kwemishini.
Lo mshini ufana "nonogada bemvelo" ohlome ngokuphelele. Ihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokuvikela ezifana nezinhlelo zokuvala uphawu kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza, ezingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwesisi kanye nokuvuza kwamanzi angcolile, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke inqubo yokugaywa kabusha iluhlaza, ivumelana nemvelo futhi iphephile.
Izinzuzo zezomnotho zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium
Ezinye izinkampani zihlola futhi ngenkuthalo izinqubo zokubuyisela kabusha ezonga amandla nemvelo, njengenqubo entsha "yokuvuthwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi + inhlanganisela ye-electrolyte cryogenic recycling". Le nqubo ifana "nomgcini wendlu ongongayo", onganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium. ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, futhi kudidiyelwe umqondo wokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kukho konke ukuxhumana
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kokwenza kabusha kanye nezinga lokuvikelwa kwemvelo lamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe athuthukisiwe kakhulu, okwenza iminikelo emihle ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezinsiza nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
Ukugaywa kabusha kokusetshenziswaamabhethri e-lithiumakuyona nje iphrojekthi yokuvikela imvelo, kodwa futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lezomnotho. I-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel nezinye izinsimbi ezikhishwe kumabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe zifana nengcebo elele. Uma isivusiwe, Ingakwazi ukuphinde icwebezele futhi idale izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kuphinde kube injini ebalulekile yokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri ye-lithium. Kuphela ngokuhlala sidabula izithiyo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza lapho singakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa amabhethri e-lithium angcolile futhi sizuze intuthuko esimeme yemboni.
Kuze kube manje, izinkampani eziningi nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ziye zandisa utshalomali lwazo lwe-R&D futhi zahlola ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugaywa kabusha nezinqubo, futhi zenze uchungechunge lwempumelelo. Ezinye izinkampani zenze imishini yokuhlakaza ezenzakalelayo engakwazi ukuqedela ukuhlakazwa kwamabhethri e-lithium kadoti ngokuphumelelayo nangokuphepha; ezinye izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi zizibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokukhishwa kwensimbi obunobungani bemvelo nobusebenza kahle, zilwela ukuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisela insimbi kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe akuwona umthwalo wezinkampani nohulumeni kuphela, kodwa futhi kudinga ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi wonke. Njengabathengi abajwayelekile, singaqala kithina futhi sibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ohlelweni lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe ukufaka isandla ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
Singakhetha ukuthumela omakhalekhukhwini abasetshenzisiwe, amakhompyutha aphathekayo kanye neminye imikhiqizo kagesi eziteshini ezivamile zokugaywa kabusha esikhundleni sokuzilahla ngokuthanda kwazo; lapho uthenga izimoto zamandla amasha, singabeka kuqala izinhlobo ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri; kufanele futhi sikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukubaluleka kokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe futhi sikhuthaze abantu abaningi ukuthi babambe iqhaza kulesi senzo sokuvikela imvelo.
Ukugaywa kabusha kokusetshenziswaamabhethri e-lithiumkuwumsebenzi omude futhi onzima, kodwa sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ngemizamo ehlanganyelwe kahulumeni, amabhizinisi kanye nayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi, sizokwazi ukuqalisa indlela yentuthuko eluhlaza nesimeme, ukuze amabhethri e-lithium asetshenziswe ngeke isikhathi eside kube umthwalo endaweni ezungezile, kodwa ube umthombo obalulekile futhi ube neqhaza ekwakhiweni komhlaba omuhle.
Uma unemibuzo noma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe, sicela ungangabazifinyelela kithi.
Isicelo sekhotheshini:
U-Jacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-bms.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
U-Nancy:nancy@heltec-bms.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2024