Isingeniso:
Iqhutshwa umgomo womhlaba wonke "wokungakhethi hlangothi kwekhabhoni", imboni yezimoto ezintsha zamandla ikhula ngesivinini esimangalisayo. Njengenhliziyo "yezimoto ezintsha zamandla,amabhethri e-lithiumbenze umnikelo ongapheli. Ngenxa yobuningi bayo bamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphila komjikelezo omude, isibe injini enamandla yalolu guquko lokuthuthwa okuluhlaza. Njengezinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali, konke kunezinhlangothi ezimbili. Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium esilethela amandla ahlanzekile futhi asebenzayo, ahambisana nenkinga engenakunakwa - ukulahlwa kwamabhethri e-lithium angcolile.
Inkinga yebhethri le-lithium elilahlekile
Cabanga ngezimoto ezintsha zamandla zihamba emigwaqweni yedolobha. Zithule futhi zinobungani nemvelo, futhi zidweba isithombe esihle sohambo lwesikhathi esizayo kithi. Kodwa uma lezi zimoto seziqedile umsebenzi wazo, kuzokwenzekani “ezinhliziyweni” zazo - iibhethri le-lithiumIdatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2025, amabhethri kagesi aseShayina asethathe umhlalaphansi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-1,100 GWh, okulingana nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwaminyaka yonke kweziteshi zikagesi ezinhlanu zeThree Gorges. Inani elikhulu kangaka, uma lingaphathwanga kahle, lizobangela ingcindezi enkulu emvelweni nasezinsizeni.
Amabhethri e-lithium angcolile aqukethe izinsiza eziningi zensimbi eyigugu njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel. Uma siwavumela ukuba alahleke, kungaba njengokushiya "izimayini zasemadolobheni". Okukhathazayo kakhulu ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium angcolile aqukethe nezinto eziyingozi njenge-electrolytes nezinsimbi ezisindayo. Uma engaphathwa kahle, azobangela ukungcola okukhulu enhlabathini, emithonjeni yamanzi, nasemkhathini, futhi asongele ngisho nempilo yabantu.
Njengoba sibhekene nezinselele ezilethwa amabhethri e-lithium angcolile, asikwazi ukuhlala phansi singenzi lutho, futhi asinakwesaba amabhethri. Esikhundleni salokho, kumelwe sifune izixazululo ngenkuthalo, siguqule "ingozi" ibe "ithuba", futhi siqale indlela yentuthuko esimeme enemijikelezo eluhlaza. Ngenhlanhla, intuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe isikhombisile indlela. Inguquko eluhlaza eqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe ivela buthule, iletha ithemba elisha "lokuzalwa kabusha" kwamabhethri e-lithium angcolile.
Ukuguquka okuluhlaza kwebhethri le-lithium, okuguqula imfucuza ibe yingcebo
Kulolu guquko oluhlaza, kuye kwavela ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemishini. Bafana "nososayensi be-alchemy" abangomlingo abaphinda bakhiphe izinsiza ezibalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium alahliwe, bawaguqule abe yingcebo futhi bawavuselele.
Ake singene "embonini yokudiliza" imfucuzaamabhethri e-lithiumLapha, imishini yokuchoboza nokuhlunga amabhethri e-lithium ifana "nodokotela ohlinzayo" onekhono. Bangakwazi ukuhlakaza nokuhlukanisa amabhethri e-lithium angcolile ngokunembile, bahlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zebhethri, futhi babeke isisekelo sokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha nokucubungula okulandelayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zinto zebhethri ezihlukanisiwe zizongena "ema-workshop" ahlukene ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokuhlukile. Izinto ze-electrode ezinhle eziqukethe izinsimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel zizothunyelwa "e-workshop yokukhipha insimbi". Ngokusebenzisa i-hydrometallurgy, i-pyrometallurgy nezinye izinqubo, lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu zizokhishwa ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhethri amasha e-lithium noma eminye imikhiqizo.
Izingxenye zebhethri eziqukethe izinto eziyingozi njenge-electrolytes nezinsimbi ezisindayo zizothunyelwa "e-workshop yokwelapha imvelo" ekhethekile, lapho zizodlula khona ochungechungeni lwezinqubo zokwelashwa eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziyingozi zilahlwa ngokuphephile nangokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukungcola emvelweni.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi enqubweni yokuvuselela kabusha amabhethri e-lithium angcolile, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyinto eza kuqala. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kwemvelo, izinkampani eziningi zamukele ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuvikela imvelo kanye nemishini, njengokuhlanganiswa kwebhethri le-lithium elihlanganisiwe imishini yohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha oluhlakaniphile
Le mishini ifana "nesivikelo semvelo" esihlome ngokuphelele. Ihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokuvikela ezifana nezinhlelo zokuvala kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza, ezingavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuvuza kwamanzi amdaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqubo yokuvuselela kabusha iluhlaza, inobungani nemvelo futhi iphephile.
Izinzuzo zezomnotho zokusebenzisa kabusha amabhethri e-lithium
Ezinye izinkampani zihlola ngenkuthalo izinqubo zokuvuselela ezonga amandla nezinobungani nemvelo, njengenqubo entsha "yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi + inhlanganisela yokuvuselela i-electrolyte cryogenic". Le nqubo ifana "nomgcini wendlu ogcina imali", enganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuvuselela ibhethri le-lithium, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, futhi ihlanganise umqondo wokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya kuzo zonke izixhumanisi.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kokusebenzisa kabusha kanye nezinga lokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, okwenza kube negalelo elihle ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezinsiza kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinto ezisetshenzisiweamabhethri e-lithiumakuyona nje iphrojekthi yokuvikela imvelo, kodwa futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu kwezomnotho. I-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel nezinye izinsimbi ezikhishwe kumabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe zifana nengcebo yokulala. Uma sezivukile, zingaphinde zikhanye futhi zidale izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe nakho kuyinjini ebalulekile yokukhuthaza intuthuko yemboni yokuvuselela amabhethri e-lithium. Kuphela ngokuqhubeka nokuphula izithiyo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvuselela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza lapho singaxazulula khona izinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa amabhethri e-lithium angcolile futhi sifinyelele intuthuko esimeme yemboni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkampani eziningi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi zikhulise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwazo kwe-R&D futhi zahlola ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuvuselela kabusha kanye nezinqubo, futhi zenze uchungechunge lwentuthuko. Ezinye izinkampani zithuthukise imishini yokuqhaqha ezenzakalelayo kakhulu engaqedela ukuqhaqha amabhethri e-lithium angcolile ngempumelelo nangokuphepha; ezinye izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi zizimisele ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha insimbi obunobungani nemvelo futhi obusebenza kahle, zilwela ukuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisa insimbi kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kwemvelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuvuselelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe akusiwona nje umthwalo wemfanelo wamabhizinisi nohulumeni, kodwa futhi kudinga ukuhlanganyela komphakathi wonke. Njengabathengi abavamile, singaqala kithi futhi sihlanganyele ngenkuthalo ohlelweni lokuvuselelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe ukuze sinikele ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
Singakhetha ukuthumela omakhalekhukhwini asebesetshenzisiwe, ama-laptop kanye neminye imikhiqizo kagesi eziteshini zokuvuselela ezivamile esikhundleni sokuyilahla ngokuthanda kwethu; lapho sithenga izimoto ezintsha zamandla, singabeka phambili imikhiqizo enikeza izinsizakalo zokuvuselela amabhethri; kufanele futhi sikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukubaluleka kokuvuselela amabhethri e-lithium asebesetshenzisiwe futhi sikhuthaze abantu abaningi ukuba bahlanganyele kulesi senzo sokuvikela imvelo.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinto ezisetshenzisiweamabhethri e-lithiumkuwumsebenzi omude futhi onzima, kodwa sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ngemizamo ehlangene kahulumeni, amabhizinisi kanye nayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi, sizokwazi ukuqala indlela yentuthuko eluhlaza neqhubekayo, ukuze amabhethri e-lithium asetshenzisiwe angabi umthwalo emvelweni, kodwa abe umthombo obalulekile futhi anikele ekwakhiweni komhlaba omuhle.
Uma unemibuzo noma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe, sicela ungangabazi ukungithumelelaxhumana nathi.
Isicelo Sekhotheshini:
UJacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
I-Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
UNancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-15-2024