Isingeniso：
Amabhethri e-lithiumziye zadonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke futhi zathola ngisho nomklomelo weNobel ohlonishwayo ngenxa yezicelo zazo ezisebenzayo, ezibe nomthelela omkhulu kokubili ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri kanye nomlando wesintu. Ngakho-ke, kungani amabhethri e-lithium ethola ukunakwa okungaka emhlabeni futhi aze awine nomklomelo weNobel?
Isihluthulelo sokuqonda ukubaluleka kwamabhethri e-lithium sisezicini zawo ezihlukile kanye nomthelela wokuguqula abe nawo kubuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi. Ngokungafani namabhethri endabuko, athembele ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-lead noma i-cadmium, amabhethri e-lithium asebenzisa ama-ion e-lithium ukugcina nokukhulula amandla. Lo mklamo unikeza izinzuzo eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, isikhathi eside sokuphila, kanye namakhono okushaja okusheshayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Isizathu sokuthi amabhethri e-lithium athandwe kakhulu
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokunakwa nokunconywa kabanziamabhethri e-lithiumindima yabo ekwenzeni kube lula ukwanda kwamadivayisi kagesi aphathwayo. Ukufika kwama-smartphone, amathebhulethi, namanye amagajethi eselula kushintshe ukuxhumana, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokukhiqiza, kanti amabhethri e-lithium abe negalelo elikhulu ekunikezeni amandla la madivayisi. Ukwakheka kwawo okulula nokuncane, kanye nekhono lawo lokuletha amandla athembekile nahlala isikhathi eside, kuwenze abaluleka kakhulu enkathini yesimanje yedijithali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) kuye kwaqhubekisela phambili ukuvelela kwamabhethri e-lithium. Njengoba umhlaba ufuna ukushintsha kusuka kumafutha asetshenziswayo futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ama-EV avele njengendlela ethembisayo esikhundleni sezimoto zendabuko zenjini yokushisa yangaphakathi. Okubalulekile empumelelweni yama-EV amabhethri e-lithium asebenza kahle kakhulu angagcina futhi alethe inani elikhulu lamandla adingekayo ekushayeleni ibanga elide. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium-ion obuthuthukisiwe kube yimbangela yokukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi, okudonsela ukunaka okukhulu kubatshalizimali, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nomphakathi.
Amabhethri e-lithium azinzile
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwawo kuma-elekthronikhi abathengi kanye nezokuthutha, amabhethri e-lithium nawo adlale indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga nawomoya, kugridi kagesi. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubanjwa nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile, okusiza ekuqiniseni igridi futhi kuncishiswe ukuthembela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla asekelwe kuphethiloli. Lo mnikelo ekuguqukeleni kwingqalasizinda yamandla esimeme futhi eqinile uye waphakamisa isimo se-amabhethri e-lithiumesiteji somhlaba wonke.
Ukuqashelwa kwamabhethri e-lithium ngomklomelo weNobel in Chemistry ngo-2019 kwagcizelela umthelela omkhulu walobu buchwepheshe emhlabeni. Lo mklomelo wanikezwa uJohn B. Goodenough, uM. Stanley Whittingham, no-Akira Yoshino ngomsebenzi wabo wokuqala ekuthuthukiseni amabhethri e-lithium-ion, bebonga iminikelo yabo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla. IKomidi leNobel laqokomisa ukubaluleka kwamabhethri e-lithium ekubhekaneni nezinselele zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza kube lula ukushintshela esikhathini esizayo samandla esimeme.
Ikusasa lamabhethri e-lithium
Uma sibheka phambili, ukunakwa kanye nemiklomelo etholwe yiamabhethri e-lithiumkungenzeka ukuthi ziqhubeke njengoba abacwaningi kanye nababambiqhaza embonini bezama ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Imizamo eqhubekayo yokwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuvuselela kabusha izoba yinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufaneleka okuqhubekayo kanye nomthelela wamabhethri e-lithium endaweni yobuchwepheshe eshintsha ngokushesha.
Ekuphetheni, ukunaka nokuqashelwa okutholwe ngamabhethri e-lithium kuvela endimeni yawo ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla inguquko yedijithali, ekuqhubeni ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Umklomelo weNobel onikezwe amaphayona obuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium usebenza njengobufakazi bethonya elikhulu lalokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha emhlabeni. Njengoba umphakathi uqhubeka nokwamukela amandla ahlanzekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, amabhethri e-lithium alungele ukuhlala ehamba phambili ekuqaphelweni nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha emhlabeni jikelele, ekwakheni ikusasa lokugcina amandla kanye nokusimama.
Uma unemibuzo noma ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe, sicela ungangabazi ukungithumelelaxhumana nathi.
Isicelo Sekhotheshini:
UJacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
I-Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
UNancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-22-2024