Isingeniso:
Wow, lokhu kusungulwa kungase kuguqule ngokuphelele imithetho yomdlalo embonini yamandla amasha emhlabeni wonke! NgoFebhuwari 12, 2025, iphephabhuku elihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke i-Nature lashicilela intuthuko entsha. Ithimba likaPeng Huisheng/Gao Yue waseFudan University eShayina lasungula uhlelo olushaubuchwepheshe "bokuvuselela" ibhethri le-lithium, ukwephula izimiso zokuklama zendabuko zamabhethri e-lithium iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, okungandisa impilo yebhethri izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-10! Ibhethri elijwayelekile le-lithium iron phosphate lisagcina u-96% wamandla alo ngemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha engu-11,818! Uyazi, amabhethri e-lithium asemakethe njengamanje asetshenziswa izikhathi eziyi-1000-2000.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu? I-Tesla yayivame ukudinga ukushintsha ibhethri layo njalo eminyakeni engu-6-8, kodwa manje ingaqhutshwa iminyaka engu-60 ngaphandle kokuyishintsha! I-iPhone yakho ingashajwa futhi ikhishwe amandla izikhathi ezingu-10,000 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ugesi!
Ugqozi lobuchwepheshe bokulungisa amabhethri luvela ekwelashweni kwabantu
Lokhu kutholwa okuyisimangaliso kwazalwa kanjani?
Njengokwelapha izifo zabantu, sigxila ekulungiseni izinkinga eziyinhloko zamabhethri ngenkathi sivikela izingxenye zawo ezinempilo, "kuchaza uGao Yue, umcwaningi eFudan University.
Ekuqaleni, isizathu esiyinhloko "sokuguga" kwamabhethri e-lithium kwakuwukulahlekelwa ama-ion e-lithium. Njengoba nje ukuntuleka kwesakhamzimba esithile emzimbeni womuntu kungaholela ekuguleni, amabhethri angabhekana nokwehla kokusebenza ngenxa yokungondleki kahle. Umqondo ophumelelayo wethimba uthi: Singakwazi yini ukugcwalisa ama-ion e-lithium alahlekile ebhethri njengokunikeza isiguli umjovo?
I-AI isiza ukugqamisa ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokulinganisa ibhethri
Kodwa-ke, ukuthola "umjovo" ofanele akuwona umsebenzi olula. Le molekyuli ethwalayo kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali eziqinile ngasikhathi sinye:
- Ukuba nomsebenzi ofanele we-electrochemical kanye nobubanzi bamandla okubola.
- Ukuncibilika okufanele ku-electrolyte.
- Inokuqina komoya okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.
- I-acidity efanele, i-alkalinity, kanye ne-reaction kinetics.
- Imikhiqizo yokubola kumele iphephe futhi ingabi nangozi.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele kube kushibhile futhi kube lula ukwandisa umkhiqizo.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buthola izinto ezibalulekile
Njengoba kungekho sibonelo esasizolandela, ithimba locwaningo laphendukela ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa. Baguqule izakhiwo zama-molecule ngedijithali futhi basebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukuthola izimpendulo ezivela enanini elikhulu le-organic chemistry, i-electrochemistry kanye nedatha yobunjiniyela bezinto.
Umsebenzi onzima waba nemiphumela emihle! Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 yokusebenza kanzima, ekugcineni bathole ikhambi elifanele: i-CF3SO2Li (i-lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate). Le molekyuli ifana nomthuthi omncane, ophethe ama-electron e-lithium kolunye uhlangothi futhi uwakhipha ngokuphephile njengegesi kolunye uhlangothi ngemva kokuba ukuthuthwa sekuqediwe.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa iyashaqisa!
Kulolu cwaningo, ibhethri elathola lokhu "kuphathwa okunembile" lalisasebenza eduze kwezinga lefektri ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha engu-12000 kuya ku-60000. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa impilo yebhethri, kodwa futhi kunikeza ikhambi lobuchwepheshe elisebenzayo lokuxazulula inkinga yokungcoliswa kwebhethri elikhulu.
Okujabulisa kakhulu ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buvule amathuba amasha ngokuphelele:
Kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwebhethri olungenayo i-lithium cathode olune-voltage engu-3.0V kanye nobuningi bamandla obufika ku-1192 Wh/kg.
Yakha ibhethri lesikhwama se-polyacrylonitrile cathode eliyi-organic sulfurized elinamandla angu-388 Wh/kg.
Umthelela Wenguquko
Lokhu kuthuthuka kuzoshintsha ngokuphelele imithetho yomdlalo embonini entsha yamandla:
Kuzonciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenzisa izimoto zikagesi, kunciphise kakhulu ukungcola kwemvelo okubangelwa ukulahlwa kwamabhethri, futhi kuvuleke imibono emisha yokuklama amabhethri amasha; into ejabulisa kakhulu ukuthi izindleko zalobu buchwepheshe zinkulu kakhulu - kulindeleke ukuthi zibize ngaphansi kuka-10% wezindleko zebhethri zizonke, okusho ukuthi zinamandla okusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano ezinkulu!
Njengoba umcwaningi uGao Yue eshilo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelula isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri noma ukuvimbela ukushiywa okukhulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, lokhu "kwelashwa okunembile" kunikeza ikhambi lobuchwepheshe elingenzeka. Lolu cwaningo alubonisi nje kuphela amandla amasha aseShayina emkhakheni wamandla amasha, kodwa futhi lumemezela ukufika kwenkathi entsha. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, "ukukhathazeka ngebhethri" kungase kube umlando. Ake sibheke phambili ekuthengisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe obushintshayo ngokushesha okukhulu!
Isicelo Sekhotheshini:
UJacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-energy.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
I-Sucre:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
UNancy:nancy@heltec-energy.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-28-2025